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General Morphology Reference List

By Areas of Application

[Goto Alphabetical Reference List]

This reference list concerns books and articles in English on General Morphology, its methodology and applications. It will be updated periodically and we welcome any relevant additions. Contact us at:

1. Morphology & Modelling Theory
2. Architecture & Design Theory
3. Engineering & Product Design
4. Operational Research & Management Science
5. Futures Studies / Technology Foresight
6. Business Modelling
7. Security, Safety & Risk Management
8. Miscellaneous Subjects

1. MORPHOLOGY & MODELLING THEORY

Álvarez, A. & Ritchey, T. (2015). "Applications of General Morphological Analysis: From Engineering Design to Policy Analysis", Acta Morphologica Generalis, Vol.4 No.1. [Download PDF]

Arciszewski, T.(1987) "Mathematical Modelling of Morphological Analysis", Mathematical Modelling, Volume 8, Pages 52-56.

Bridgewater, A. (1969) "Morphological Methods - Principles and Practice", in Arnfield, R. (ed.) (1969) Technological Forecasting, University of Strathclyde. Edinburgh University Press.

Chawla, A. (2018) An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Functional Ordering on Morphological Chart Exploration. All Theses. 2825. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2825.

Grant, D.P. (1977) "How to Construct a Morphological Box". Journal of Design Methods and Theories, Vol. 11, No. 3.

Gregory, S. A. "Morphological Methods: Antecedents and Associates." Technological Forecasting, Some Techniques. Symposium at Aston University, Birmingham, September 9 and 10, 1969.

Gregory, S.A. "The Shape of Ends and Means: Some Aspects of Morphological Analysis". Proceedings of ASLIB Conference, Oxford, U.K.(1974)

Hussain, N., Garvey, B. & Ritchey, T. (1913)"SWOT Analysis using General Morphological Analysis: Application to the Specials Sector for new Business Drivers", European Journal of Industrial Pharmacy, Volume 15. [Download PDF]

Johansen, I. (2016) 2nd International Symposium on General Morphological Analysis, Bilbao, Spain, FFI-NOTAT, Reisenotat 16/01358. [https://www.academia.edu/26748017. Accessed 2020-12-23]

Johansen, I. (2017) "Tiered Modelling - A Solution to Hyper-Coherent Morphological Models?", Acta Morphologica Generalis, 6(1).

Kannengiesser, U., Williams, C. & Gero, J.S. (2013) "What Do the Concept Generation Techniques of Triz, Morphological Analysis and Brainstorming have in Common?", International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 13, Seoul.

Kempf, J. (2015) "Visualizing General Morphological Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling", Department of Informatics and Mathematics, University of Passau

Moe, S. & Kaivo-oja, J. (2018) Model theory and observing systems. Notes on the use of models in systems research, Kybernetes, Vol. 47 No. 9, pp. 1690-1703.

Rhyne, R.: Field Anomaly Relaxation - The Arts of Usage, Futures 27 (6), 657-674 (1995a).

Rhyne, R.: Whole-Pattern Futures Projection, Using Field Anomaly Relaxation, Technological Forecasting and Social Change 19, 331-360 (1981).

Ritchey, T. (1998). "Fritz Zwicky, 'Morphologie' and Policy Analysis", Paper presented at the 16th Euro Conference on Operational Analysis, Brussels, July 1998.

Ritchey, T. (1998). "Morphological Analysis - A general method for non-quantified modeling". Adapted from a paper presented at the 16th Euro Conference on Operational Analysis, Brussels, July 1998. [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2006). "Problem Structuring using Computer-Aided Morphological Analysis".

Ritchey, T. (2011). Wicked Problems/Social Messes: Decision support Modelling with Morphological Analysis. Springer: Berlin.

Ritchey, T. (2012). "On The Formal Properties of Morphological Models". Acta Morphologica Generalis, Vol.1 No.2 (2012).

Ritchey, T. (2012). "Outline for a Morphology of Modelling Methods: Contribution to a General Theory of Modelling". Acta Morphologica Generalis, Vol.1 No.1. [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2013). "Morphological Gap-Analysis: Using GMA to find the Δ". Acta Morphologica Generalis, Vol.2 No.2 (2013). [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2015). "Applications of General Morphological Analysis: From Engineering Design to Policy Analysis", Acta Morphologica Generalis (AMG) Vol.4 No.1. [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2015). "Principles of Cross-Consistency Assessment in Morphological Modelling", Acta Morphologica Generalis (AMG) Vol.4 No.2. [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2017). "Facilitating GMA Workshop for Modelling Wicked Problems", Acta Morphologica Generalis (AMG) Vol.6 No.2. [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2018). "General morphological analysis as a basic scientific modelling method", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.) (2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 126, Elsevier. Download Pre-print here: [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T.(2018). "Editors' Introduction to General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 126, Elsevier. Download Pre-print here: [Download PDF]

Rudnicki, K. (1989). Philosophical foundations of Zwicky's morphological approach in science, in P. Flin, & H. W. Duerbeck (Red.), Morphological Cosmology (Vol.332: Lecture Notes in Physics). Berlin: Springer Verlag.

Savchenko, I. (2020) New Approach for Processing Cross-Consistency Matrix in Modified Morphological Analysis Method, 2020 IEEE 2nd International Conference on System Analysis & Intelligent Computing (SAIC), doi: 10.1109/SAIC51296.2020.9239226.

Shurig, R. (1986) "Morphology: A Knowledge Tool", Systems Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 9-19.

Stenström, M. (2013) "Morphological Analysis in Groups: A Personal Guide", Swedish Defence Research Agency, Stockholm, Report No. FOI-R--3678-SE.

The Futures Group International (1994) "Relevance tree and morphological analysis", Futures Research Methods, V. 2.0, The Millennium Project, 1994.

Watts, R. D.: "Some Theoretical Principles in Morphological Analysis." Technological Forecasting, Some Techniques. Symposium at Aston University, Birmingham, September 9 and 10, 1969.

Zec, M. & Matthes, F. (2018) "Web-based Software-Support for Collaborative Morphological Analysis in Real-Time", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.)(2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 126, Elsevier.

Zwicky, F.: "The Morphological Method of Analysis and Construction", Courant. Anniversary Volume. New York: Intersciences Publish., 1948, pp. 461-470.

Zwicky, F.: Discovery, Invention, Research - Through the Morphological Approach, Toronto: The Macmillian Company (1969).

Zwicky, F. & Wilson A. (Eds.)(1967)New Methods of Thought and Procedure: Contributions to the Symposium on Methodologies. Berlin: Springer. [Download Zwicky's contribution, PDF] Thanks to the Swiss Fritz Zwicky Foundation.

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2. ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN THEORY

Grant, D.P. (1984) Creative idea production in architecture: The Morphological Approach, Design Methods Group, San Luis Obispo.

Leahy, K., Daly, S., McKilligan, S. & Seifert, C. (2018) Supporting idea generation with design tools: nesting design heuristics within morphological analysis. Global Journal of Engineering Education 20(3), pp. 159-170.

Proposka, A. (2001) "Application of Morphological Analysis Methodology in Architectural Design", Acta Polytechnica, 41(1).

Savanovi, P. (2009) Integral Design Method in the Context 0f Sustainable Building Design: closing the gap between design theory and practice. Bouwstenen 140. Faculty of architecture building and planning, Technical University of Eindhoven. [https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/2804185/200613065.pdf]

Weber, R.G. & Condor, S.S. (1989). "Conceptual design using a synergistically compatible morphological matrix", FIE '98 Proceedings of the 28th Annual Frontiers in Education, Vol. 01, pp. 171-176

Zeiler, W. & Savanovic, P. (2009a). Morphologic C-K Reflection for Collaborative Building design. Design Principles & Practices : an International Journal, 3(2), pp. 29-44.

Zeiler, W. & Savanovic, P. (2009b) "Morphological analysis of design concepts emergence in design meetings", Proceedings the 17th International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 09.

Zeiler, W. (2018) "Morphology in conceptual building design", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.)(2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change,Vol. 126, Elsevier.

Zeiler,W. (2011) "Morphological Analysis of a Sustainable School Design", Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 11, Technical University of Denmark.

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3. ENGINEERING AND PRODUCT DESIGN

Álvarez, A. (2014). "The Norris Brothers Ltd. morphological approach to engineering design - an early example of applied morphological analysis." Acta Morphological Generalis, Vol. 3, No. 2. [Download PDF]

Arciszewski, T. (1985) "Decision-Making Parameters and Their Computer-Aided Morphological Analysis for Wind Bracings in Steel Skeleton Structures". Advances in Tall Buildings, Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company.

Arciszewski, T. (2018) "Morphological Analysis in Inventive Engineering", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.)(2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol 126, Elsevier.

Bardenhagen, A. & Rakov, D. (2019) Advanced Morphological Approach in Aerospace Design during Conceptual Stage, Facta Universitatis Series: Mechanical Engineering 17(3) pp. 321 - 332,DOI: 10.22190/FUME180110005B

Belaziz, M., Bouras, A. & Brun, J-M (2000) "Morphological analysis for product design", Computer-aided Design - CAD , 32(5-6).

Börekçi, N. (2018) Design Divergence Using the Morphological Chart, Design and Technology Education, 23(3), pp. 62-86.
Card, S.K., Mackinlay, J.D. & Robertson, G.G. (1991) "A Morphological Analysis of the Design Space of Input Devices", ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 9(2). Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.

Dartnall, J. & Johnston, S. (2004) "Trend-Morph-PDS: A Methodology for Innovative (Mechanical) Engineering Design". ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, Volume 3 (2004), Manchester.

Dartnall, J. & Johnston, S. (2005) Morphological Analysis (MA) leading to Innovative Mechanical Design, International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 05 Melbourne

Dragomira, M., Banyaia, D., Dragomira, D., Popescub, F. & Cristeb, A. (2016) Efficiency and resilience in product design by using morphological charts, Energy Procedia 85, pp. 206-210.

Evbuomwan, N. (1997) "Generation of Design Solutions using Morphological Analysis", International Conference on Engineering Design, Iced 97, Tampere.

George, D., Renu R., Mocko G. (2013) Concept Generation Through Morphological and Options Matrices. In: Chakrabarti A., Prakash R. (eds) ICoRD'13. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, India. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1050-4_16.

Gogu, G. (2005) "Evolutionary Morphology", in Bramley, A, Brissaud, D., Coutellier, D. & McMahon , C. (2005) Advances in Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering, Springer.

Haiko, H., Savchenko, I. & Matviichuk, O. (2019) Development of a morphological model for territorial development of underground city space, Naukovyi Visnyk NHU, No. 3. DOI: 10.29202/nvngu/2019-3/14.

Haiko, H., Savchenko, I. & Matviichuk, O. (2019) Evaluating Construction Sites for Underground Parking Lots using Modified Morphological Analysis Method, in Bridges and Tunnels Theory Research Practice. DOI: 10.15802/bttrp2019/172373.

Hall, Arthur D. "Three-Dimensional Morphology of Systems Engineering." IEEE Transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics, April 1969, pp. 156-160.

Jimenez, H. & Mavris, D. (2010) "An Evolution of Morphological Analysis Applications in Systems Engineering", Proceedings of the 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, Orlando, Florida.

Jureczko, M. (2020) Optimization of Stand-Alone Hybrid Solar-Wind System by Using General Morphological Analysis, INTECHOPEN, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90284.

Karabo Mpodi, E., Tjiparuro, Z. & and Matsebe, O. (2019) Development of a Dual Axis Solar Tracking Concept using Morphological Analysis, BIUST Research and Innovation Symposium 2019 (RDAIS 2019), Botswana International University of Science and Technology.

Klimenko B., Rakov D. (2018) Analysis and Synthesis of Innovative Engineering Solutions and Technologies Based on Advanced Morphological Approach. In: Hu Z., Petoukhov S., He M. (eds) Advances in Artificial Systems for Medicine and Education. AIMEE 2017. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 658. Springer.

Levin, M. S. (2012) "Morphological methods for design of modular systems (a survey)", arXiv:1201.1712v1.

Li, Z. & Gómez, J. (2015) "Modeling for sustainable product development strategies with general morphological analysis", in Douglas Cunningham, Petra Hofstedt, Klaus Meer, Ingo Schmitt (Hrsg.), INFORMATIC 2015 Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn.

Moore, R. (2015). Using The Morphological Analysis Perspective (MAP) In Software Engineering Project Management (Master's Thesis, East Carolina University). [http://hdl.handle.net/10342/5023.]

Norris, K. W. (1963) "The Morphological Approach to Engineering Design", Conference on Design Methods, in J. C. Jones and D. G. Thornley (eds) (1963), Conference on Design Methods, New York: Macmillan

Ostertagova, E., Ková, J., Ostertag, O., Malega, P. (2012). "Application of Morphological Analysis in the Design of Production Systems", Procedia Engineering, Vol. 48, pp. 507-512.

Pereverza, K. & Kordas, O. (2017) Sustainability through stakeholder learning: Participatory backcasting for the heating sector. In: Ulgiati, S. & Vanoli, L. (Eds.) (2017) Proceedings of the 10th Biennial International Workshop on Advances in Energy Studies, Naples. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3217/978-3-85125-513-3.

Rakov, D. (2020) Morphological methods of searching for new engineering solutions and their use in Industry, APITECH II, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1679/4/042083

Rakov, D.L., Sukhorukov, R.Y. & Pecheykina, M.A. (2019) Choosing and Evaluating Fabrication Processes by Means of a Computer-Aided Innovation Support System Based on the Morphological Approach. J. Mach. Manuf. Reliab. 48, pp. 173-178.

Sae-Hyun Ji & Ahn, J. (2019) Scenario-Planning Method for Cost Estimation Using Morphological Analysis, Advances in Civil Engineering 2019(4), pp.1-10

Schmid, A., Jacobs, G., Löwer, M., Katzwinkel, T., Schmidt, W. & Siebrecht, J. (2017) Parameter Control Assisting Morphological Product Conceptualization of Multi-Technology Machine-Tools, 21st International Conference On Engineering Design, ICED17, Vancouver, Canada.

Sholeha, M., Ghasemib, A. & Shahbazi, M. (2018) "A new systematic approach in new product development through an integration of general morphological analysis and IPA", Decision Science Letters 7, 181-196.

Villegas Medina, G., Pham, M. & , Marquis-Favre, W. (2009) "A Modified Zwicky's Morphological Analysis: Application to the design of a robotic laparoscope," Proceedings of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE), (22).

Wills, R. J., and Hawthone, E. P. "Morphological Methods Applied to Metalworking Processes." In Technological Forecasting, Some Techniques. Symposium at Aston University, Birmingham,September 9 and 10, 1969.

Zheng,W., Kankaanranta, J. & Suominen, A. (2012) "Morphological analysis of technologies using multidimensional scaling", Journal of Business Chemistry, 9(3).

Zwicky, F.: Morphology and Nomenclature of Jet Engines, Aeronautical Engineering Review. Vol. 6, No 6., June 1947, s. 49-50.

Zwicky, F.: Morphology of aerial propulsion, Helvetica Physica Acta. Vol. XXI, Heft 5, 1948, S. 299-340.

Zwicky, F.: Morphological Aspects of the Transport of Energy, Ekistics Vol. 30, No. 179 (1970).

Zwicky, F.: Morphology of Scientific Research and Engineering Invention, 28.3.1951 New York, Pestalozzi Foundation of America and Alumni of the Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich.

Zwicky, Fritz. Morphology of Propulsive Power. Monographs on Morphological Research, No. 1 Pasadena, California: Society for Morphological Research, 1962.

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4. OPERATIONAL RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

Arens, S., Schlüters, S., Hanke, B., von Maydell, K. & Agert, C. (2020) Sustainable Residential Energy Supply: A Literature Review-Based Morphological Analysis, Energies 13, 432.

Bezerra, C. & Owen C. L. (2000) "Evolutionary Structured Planning. A Computer-Supported Methodology for the Conceptual Planning Process", in Gero, J. (ed.) (2000) Artificial Intelligence in Design'00, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Bridgewater, A. V. "Long Range Process Design and Morphological Analysis." The Chemical Engineer, April 1968, pp. CE 75-CE 81.

Buzuku S., Kraslawski A. (2019) Optimized Morphological Analysis in Decision-Making. In: Chechurin L., Collan M. (eds) Advances in Systematic Creativity. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Buzuku, S. (2019) Enhancement of Decision-Making In Complex Organizations: A Systems Engineering Approach, Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Science (Technology), Acta Universitatis, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT.

Buzuku, S., Farfan Orozco, F., Harmaa, K., Kraslawski, A. & Kässi, T. (2019), A Case Study of Complex Policy Design: The Systems Engineering Approach, Complexity (9), pp. 1-23.

Buzuku, S., Kraslawski, A. & Kari Harmaa (2015) Supplementing Morphological Analysis with a Design Structure Matrix for Policy Formulation in a Wastewater Treatment Plant, International Dependency and Structure Modeling Conference, DSM.

Correia da Silva, L. (2011) "Morphological Analysis of the Introduction of Electric Vehicles in Săo Paulo's Urban Traffic", Future Studies Research Journal, Săo Paulo, 3(1).

Coyle, R.G.: Practical Strategy: A Structured Approach and Techniques, Pearson Education, London, 2004.

de Waal, A. & Ritchey, T.: Combining morphological analysis and Bayesian networks for strategic decision support, ORiON, Volume 23 (2), pp. 105–121 (2007). [Download PDF]

Droste-Franke, B., Voge, M. & Kanngießer, A. (2020) Achieving transparency and robustness of regional energy scenarios by using morphological fields, Energy Strategy Reviews, 27.

Duczynski, G. (2017) "Morphological analysis as an aid to organisational design and transformation", Futures, Volume 86, Elsevier.

Duczynski, G. (2018) "Investigating traffic congestion: Targeting technological and social interdependencies through general morphological analysis", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.)(2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 126, Elsevier.

Fátima Teles M., Sousa J.(2016) An Operations Research-Based Morphological Analysis to Support Environmental Management Decision-Making. In: Liu S., Delibaši? B., Oderanti F. (eds) Decision Support Systems VI - Addressing Sustainability and Societal Challenges. ICDSST 2016. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 250. Springer

Fátima Teles, M. & Freire de Sousa, J. (2017) General Morphological Analysis to Support Strategic Management Decisions in Public Transport Companies, Transportation Research Procedia 22, pp. 509-518.

Fátima Teles, M. & Freire de Sousa, J. (2018) "Linking Fields with GMA: Sustainability, Companies, People and OR", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.)(2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 126. Elsevier.

Frow, P., Nenonen, S., Payne, A. & Storbacka, K (2015) "Managing Co-creation Design: A Strategic Approach to Innovation", British Journal of Management, DOI: 10.1111/1467-8551.12087

Haydo, P. (2018) "From Morphological Analysis to Optimizing Complex Industrial Operation Scenarios", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.)(2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 126, Elsevier.

Hoolohan, C. , McLachlan, C, & Larkin, A. (2019) 'Aha' moments in the water-energy-food nexus: A new morphological scenario method to accelerate sustainable transformation, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 148.

Isenmann, R., Landwehr-Zloch, S. & Zinn, S. (2020) Morphological box for ESD - landmark for universities implementing education for sustainable development (ESD), The International Journal of Management Education, 18(1).

Khisty, C., Rahi, M. & Hsu, C. (1989) Morphological Modeling of The City And its Transportation System: A Preliminary Investigation. Transportation Research Record, No. 1237, Transportation Research Board, Nationa Academy of Sciences, Washington DC.

Kumar, J.A. & Ganesh, L.S. (2009) "Research on knowledge transfer in organizations: a morphology", Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(4).

Kuriakose, K.K, Raj, B., Satya Murty, S.A.V., Swaminathan, P. (2010) "Knowledge Management Maturity Models - A Morphological Analysis", Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, 11(3).

Moghaddampour, J., Setalani, F.D., Ghasemi, H., & Eivazi, M.R. (2018). Crafting decision options and alternatives for designing cultural observation system using general morphological modelling. Decision Science Letters, 7, pp. 359-380.

Mozuni, M. & Jonas, W. (2016) "Morphological Analysis and Future-Oriented Innovation Management: Lessons from Foresight Research", Proceedings of Relating Systems Thinking and Design Symposium (RSD), Toronto.

Müller-Merbach, H.: The Use of Morphological Techniques for OR-Approaches to Problems. In: Operations Research 75. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford. North-Holland Publishing Company, pp. 127-139 (1976).

Nair, J., Reddy, D. & Samuel, A. (2018) Socio-Technical Change Perspective for ERP Implementation in Large Scale Organizations, in Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, IGI-Global Publishers. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch260.

Navratil, R. , Brodrechtoval, Y., Sedmakl, R. & Tucekl, J. (2019) Forest management scenarios modelling with morphological analysis - examples taken from Podpolanie and Kysuce, Central European. Forestry Journal, 65, pp. 103-120.

Payan, A.P. and Mavris, D.N. (2016), Multilevel Probabilistic Morphological Analysis for Facilitating Modeling and Simulation of Notional Scenarios. Syst. Engin., 19, pp. 3-23.

Petrusel, R. & Mocean, L. (2007) "Modeling decisional situations using morphological analysis". Informatica Economica, 4 (44).

Plauché, M., de Waal, A., Grover, A S. & Gumede, T. (2010) "Morphological Analysis: A Method for Selecting ICT Applications in South African Government Service Delivery", Information Technologies & International Development, 6(1).

Pretorius, C. (2017). Exploring Procedural Decision Support Systems for Wicked Problem Resolution. South African Computer Journal 29(1), pp. 191-219.

Ritchey, T. (2004). "Strategic Decision Support using Computerised Morphological Analysis", Presented at the 9th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Copenhagen, September 14-16, 2004.[Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2004). "Wicked Problems: Modelling Social Messes with Morphological Analysis". Adapted from a lecture given at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, 2002.
Ritchey, T. (2014). "Four Models about Decision Support Modeling". Acta Morphologica Generalis, Vol.3 No.1 (2014). [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T.(2002). "Modeling Complex Socio-Technical Systems using Morphological Analysis", Adapted from an address to the Swedish Parliamentary IT Commission, Stockholm, December 2002. [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T., Lövkvist-Andersen, A., Olsson, R. & Stenström, M.: Modelling Society's Capacity to Manage Extraordinary Events. Developing a Generic Design Basis (GDB) Model for Extraordinary Societal Events using Computer-Aided Morphological Analysis. Adapted from a paper presented at the SRA (Society for Risk Analysis) Conference in Paris 15-17 November, 2004. [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T., Stenström, M. & Eriksson, H. (2002). Using Morphological Analysis to Evaluate Preparedness for Accidents Involving Hazardous Materials. Study for the Swedish Rescue Services Board, presented at the 4th International Conference for Local Authorities, Shanghai. [Download PDF]

Roodt, J., Leenen, L., van Vuuren, J. & Khan, Z. (2020) Modelling of the Complex Societal Problem of Establishing a National Energy Sufficiency Competence, 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION). DOI: 10.23919/FUSION45008.2020.9190332.

Sharif, A. & Irani, Z. (2006) "Applying a fuzzy-morphological approach to complexity within management decision-making", Management Decision, 44(7).

Stenström, M. & Ritchey, T.(2004) Scenario and Strategy Laboratories for an Extended Producer Responsibility System. Adaption of a report to the Swedish Ministry of the Environment. [Download PDF]

Stenström, M., Westrin, P. & Ritchey, T.(2004) Living with UXO -- Using Morphological Analysis for Decision Support in Phasing out Military Firing Ranges. Summary of Report to the Swedish Armed Forces UXO Program, Stockholm. [Download PDF]

Suohcimo, M. (2019) Strategies and Visual Tools to Resolve Wicked Problems, The International Journal of Design Management and Professional Practice 13(2).

Trocki M. & Wyroz?bski P. (2013) The morphological analysis as a tool for handling complexity in management sciences, in Proceedings in Virtual Multidisciplinary Conference, red. M. Mokryš, Š. Badura, A. Lieskovský, Publishing Institution of the University of Žilina.

Turley, R., Richardson, W. and Hansen, J. (1975) "Morphological analysis for health care systems planning", Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 9(2).

Vertakova, Y., Klevtsova, M., & Babich, T. (2016) Economic Annals-XXI (2016) Identification of new research areas and development of the existing ones by methods of morphological analysis and synthesis, Economic Annals-XXI, 157(3-4(1)), 4-7. DOI: 10.21003/ea.V157-0001.

Vilkkumaa, E., Liesio, J. , Salo, A. & Ilmola-Sheppard, L. (2917) Scenario- based portfolio model for building robust and proactive strategies, European Journal of Operational Research, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2017.09.012.

Williams, P. & Bowden, F. (2013). "Dynamic Morphological Exploration". Proceeding of the 22nd National Conference of the Australian Society for Operations Research, Adelaide, Australia. [Available at: http://www.asor.org.au/conferences/asor2013/J7/williams.pdf.]

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5. FUTURES STUDIES & TECHNOLOGY FORESIGHT

Ayres, Robert U. (1969) "Morphological Analysis", inTechnological Forecasting and Long Range Planning, New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1969, Chap. 5, pp. 72-93.

Coyle, R. G., Crawshay, R. and Sutton, L.: Futures Assessments by Field Anomaly Relaxation, Futures 26(1), 25-43 (1994).

Coyle, R. G., McGlone, G. R.: Projection Scenarios for South-east Asia and the South-west Pacific, Futures 27(1), 65-79 (1995).

Coyle, R.G. and Yong, Y. C.: A Scenario Projection for the South China Sea. Futures 28 (3), 269-283 (1996).

Dufva, M., Koivisto, R., Ilmola-Sheppard, L., & Junno, S. 2017. Anticipating Alternative Futures for the Platform Economy. Technology Innovation Management Review, 7(9): 6-16. http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1102.

Eriksson, T. & Ritchey, T.: Scenario Development Using Computerized Morphological Analysis, Presented at the Winchester International OR Conference, England, 2002. [See Ritchey, 2009 below]

Feng, X & Fuhai, L. (2012) "Patent text mining and informetric-based patent technology morphological analysis: an empirical study", Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 24(5).

Glenn, J. & Gordon, T. (eds.) (2009). The Millennium Project: Futures Research Methodology, Version 3.0, Chapter 17: "Morphological Analysis", The Millennium Project.

Jantsch, E. (1967) Technological forecasting in perspective, OECD, Paris.

Johansen, I. (2018) "Scenario Modelling with Morphological Analysis", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.)(2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 126, Elsevier.

Junfang Guo, Xuefeng Wang, Qianrui Li, Donghua Zhu (2016), "Subject-action-object-based morphology analysis for determining the direction of technological change, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 105 (2016).

Kosow, H. & Gaßner, R. (2008) "Methods of Future and Scenario Analysis. Overview, Assessment, and Selection Criteria". Studies / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik.

Morén, L., Ritchey, T. & Stenström, M. Handling of future human actions in the safety assessment of a deep nuclear repository. Edited translation of the
Öborn, I., Bengtsson, J., Hedenus, F., Rydhmer, L., Stenstriim, M., Vrede, K., Westin C. & Magnusson, U. (2013) Scenario Development as a Basis for Formulating a Research Program on Future Agriculture: A Methodological Approach, AMBIO 42, pp. 823-839

O'Neal, C. (1970) "New approaches to technological forecasting- Morphological analysis: An integrative approach", Business Horizons, 13(6).

Ritchey, T, and Stenström, M. (1998) Scenarios for human actions which can disturb long-term radioactive waste disposal: problem structuring with morphological analysis, Defence Research Establishment, Stockholm. Technical Report: FOA-R-98-00919-990

Ritchey, T. (2005). "Futures Studies using Morphological Analysis". Adapted from an Article for the UN University Millennium Project: Futures Research Methodology Series. [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2011). "Modelling Alternative Futures with General Morphological Analysis", World Future Review, Spring 2011, pp. 83-94. [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T.(2009). "Developing Scenario Laboratories with Computer-Aided Morphological Analysis". 14th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Washington DC. [Download PDF]

Swanich, S. (2014) "A Critical Evaluation of General Morphological Analysis as a Future Study Methodology for Strategic Planning", Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria.

Technology Futures Analysis Methods Working Group (2004) "Technology futures analysis: Toward integration of the field and new methods", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 71(3).

Voros J. Morphological prospection: Profiling the shapes of things to come. Foresight 2009;11(6).

Wissema, J.G (1976). "Morphological analysis: Its application to a company TF investigation", Futures, Volume 8, Issue 2, pp.146-153

Witt, T., Stahlecker, K. and Geldermann, J. (2018), "Morphological analysis of energy scenarios", International Journal of Energy Sector Management, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 525-546.

Yoon, B. and Park, Y. (2004) Morphology analysis approach for technology forecasting, IEEE International Engineering Management Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37574), Singapore, 2004, Vol.2, pp. 566-570

Yoon, B., & Park, Y. (2007): Development of New Technology Forecasting Algorithm: Hybrid Approach for Morphology Analysis and Conjoint Analysis of Patent Information, Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on, 54, p. 588-599.

Yoon, B., Phaal, R. & Probert, D. (2008), Morphology analysis for technology roadmapping: application of text mining. R&D Management, 38: 51-68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2007.00493.x

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6. BUSINESS MODELLING

Álvarez, A. & Toja, P. (2018) "An informal survey on the application of General Morphological Analysis in the private sector" , in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.) (2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier.

Balouli , H. & Chine, L. (2019). Morphological analysis of agricultural entrepreneurship in Algeria using Morphol method. Roa Iktissadia Review, 9(1), 113-120. Retrieved from https://roair.info/index.php/roair/article/view/64

Gopalakrishnan, K. &Vijayalakshmi, V. (2014) Using Morphological Analysis for Innovation and Resource and Development: An Invaluable Tool for Entrepreneurship, Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, Pune 2(1), pp. 28-36.

Heorhiadi, N., Iwaszczuk, N. & Vilhutska, R. (2013) Method of morphological analysis of enterprise management organizational structure, Econtechmod: An International Quarterly Journal, 2( 4), pp. 17-28.

Im, K & Cho, H (2013) "A systematic approach for developing a new business model using morphological analysis and integrated fuzzy approach", Expert Systems with Applications, 40(11).

Kwon, M., Lee, J. & Hong, Y. ( 2019) Product-Service System Business Modelling Methodology Using Morphological Analysis, Sustainability, 11, 1376; doi:10.3390/su11051376.

Lee, J. & Hong, Y. (2011) "A Morphological Approach to Business Model Creation using Case-Based Reasoning", Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 11, Technical University of Denmark.

Ludeke-Freund, F., Gold, S. & Bocken, N. (2018) A Review and Typology of Circular Economy Business Model Patterns, Journal of Industrial Ecology 23(1).

Mozuni, M. & Jonas, W. (2016) "Rise of Alternative Business Models in the Era of Expensive Megaships", in Papathanassis, A. (Ed.) (2016) Cruise Business Development: Safety, Product Design and Human Capital, Springer.

Nair, J. & Chellasamy, A. (2017) Technological Change Perspective for ERP Implementation in Small and Medium Enterprises, International Journal of Strategic Information Technology and Applications 8(2).

Niewoehner, N, Albers, A., Rabe, M. % Dumitrescu, R. (2018) "Morphological business model analysis to derive the dominant industry logic". ISPIM Innovation Symposium; Manchester: The International Society for Professional Innovation Management.

Park, C. & Lee, D. (2020) Analysis on new types of electric power businesses using a morphological box, Energy & Environment, 32(1), pp. 113-133.

Royston, G. "Morphological Analysis and the Development of the Brewing Process." Technological Forecasting, Some Techniques. Symposium at Aston University, Birmingham, September 9 and 10, 1969.

Schuh, G., Lau, F., Zimmermann, R. & Vogt, F. (2017). Configuration Options for Corporate Incubators: Development of a Description Model Using the Morphological Analysis Method. International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET).

Seidenstricker, S. & Linder C. (2014) "A morphological analysis-based creativity approach to identify and develop ideas for BMI", International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 18(5).

Seidenstricker, S., Scheuerle, S. & Linder, C. (2014). "Business Model Prototyping - Using the Morphological Analysis to Develop New Business Models", Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 148.

Storbacka, K. & Nenonen, S. (2012) "Competitive Arena Mapping: Market Innovation using Morphological Analysis in Business Markets", Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 19(3).

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7. SECURITY, SAFETY & RISK MANAGEMENT

Akgün, ?., (2015). Likelihood Estimation of Intentional Events in Risk Management: Evidence Based Intelligent Morphological Analysis Approach. Intelligent Techniques in Engineering Management (pp.45-75), Aarau: Springer-Verlag.

Gcaza, N., von Solms, R., Grobler, M. & van Vuuren, J. (2017), "A general morphological analysis: delineating a cyber-security culture", Information and Computer Security, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 259-278.

Fernandez, A., Britton, N., & Ritchey, T. (2006) Application of a Prototype Morphological Model for Earthquake Disaster Risk Management, 2nd Asia Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Manila, Philippines.

Isakson, S. & Ritchey, T.: "Protection against Sabotage of Nuclear Facilities: Using Morphological Analysis in Revising the Design Basis Threat". Adapted from a Study for the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate, and presented to the 44th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management - Phoenix, Arizona, July 2003 [Download PDF]

Jimenez, H., Stults, I. & Mavris, D. (2009) "A Morphological Approach for Proactive Risk Management in Civil Aviation Security", Proceedings of the 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Orlando.

Komenda, T., Steiner, M., Rathmair, M. und Brandstötter, M. 2020, 'Introducing a Morphological Box for an Extended Risk Assessment of Human-Robot Work Systems Considering Prospective System Modifications', in Proceedings of the Joint Austrian Computer Vision and Robotics Workshop, Graz.[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346322819]

Lantada, N., Carreńo Tibaduiza, M. & Jaramillo, N. (2020) Disaster risk reduction: A decision-making support tool based on the morphological analysis, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 42, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101342.

Leenen, L., Modise, M. & le Roux, H. (2009) "A model for peace support operations: an overview of the ICT and interoperability requirements", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security, Cape Town, South Africa.

Rhyne, R.: Evaluating Alternative Indonesian Sea-Sovereignty Systems, Informs: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (1995b).

Ritchey, T. (1997). "Scenario Development and Risk Management using Morphological Field Analysis". Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Information Systems (Cork: Cork Publishing Company) Vol. 3:1053-1059 (1997).

Ritchey, T. (2003). "Nuclear Facilities and Sabotage: Using Morphological Analysis as a Scenario and Strategy Development Laboratory", Adapted from a Study for the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate, and presented to the 44th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management - Phoenix, Arizona, July 2003. [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2006). "Modeling Multi-Hazard Disaster Reduction Strategies with Computer-Aided Morphological Analysis". Reprint from the Proceedings of the 3rd International ISCRAM Conference, Newark, NJ (USA). [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2007). "Threat Analysis for the Transport of Radioactive Material using Morphological Analysis". Presented at the 15th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials, PATRAM 2007, Miami; later published in Packaging, Transport, Storage & Security of Radioactive Material, Volume 20, Number 1, 2009, London: Maney Publishing. [Download PDF]

Roy, A. & Garg, J.K. (2014). "Risk Management Using Morphological Field Analysis: A Case Study From Nellore District, India", in A.P. Pradeepkumar, F.J. Behr, F.T. Illiyas and E. Shaji (eds.): Proceedings of the 2nd Disaster, Risk and Vulnerability Conference 2014. Dept of Geology, Uni Kerala, Trivandrum, India.

Taylor, T. (1967) "Preliminary survey on non-national nuclear threats", Stanford Research Institute Technical Note SSC-TN-5205-83.

Veerasamy, N. & Eloff, J. (2008). The Application of Non-quantitative Modelling in the Analysis of a Network Warfare Environment. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Open Science Index 16, International Journal of Computer and Information Engineering, 2(4), 1050 - 1056.

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8. MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS

Chen, J. and Lai, Ch. (2010) "The theory of morphological analysis applied to western apparel: a case study of Renaissance era", International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 10(4)

Duczynski, G. (2004) “Systems Approaches to Economic Development for Indigenous People: A Case Study of the Noongar Aboriginals of Australia”, Futures 36(8).

Gustavi, T., Karasalo, M. & Mĺrtenson C. (2013) A Tool for Generating, Structuring, and Analyzing Multiple Hypotheses in Intelligence Work, 2013 European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference, Uppsala. DOI: 10.1109/EISIC.2013.11.

Levina, O. & Kranich, L. (2016) Mobility and the Internet of People: a Morphological Analysis, IEEE Smart World Congress July 18-21, 2016, Toulouse, France

Ritchey, T. (1991)."Analysis and Synthesis - On Scientific Method based on a Study by Bernhard Riemann". Systems Research 8(4), 21-41 (1991). Download reprint: [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2010). "Specifying Training and Instruction Requirements using Morphological Analysis". Paper presented at ICELW 2010, Columbia University, New York [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2012). BOOK REVIEW: "Fritz Zwicky: An Extraordinary Astrophysicist". Acta Morphologica Generalis, Vol.1 No.3 (2012). [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2014). "Morphological analysis: Modelling the Project Problem Space", for Project FORTRESS: Foresight Tools for Responding to Cascading Effects in a Crisis, EU Project FP7-SEC-2013-1. [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2014). "On a Morphology of Theories of Emergence", Acta Morphologica Generalis (AMG) Vol.3 No.3. [Download PDF]

Ritchey, T. (2019) Modelling Project Problem Spaces with General Morphological Analysis, Acta Morphologica Generalis (AMG), Vol.7 No.2. [Download PDF]

Stamati D., Dascalu M., Trausan-Matu S. (2015) Creativity Stimulation in Chat Conversations through Morphological Analysis, U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series C, 77(4). pp 17-30.

Stamati D., Sirbu MD., Dascalu M., Trausan-Matu S. (2018) Exploring General Morphological Analysis and Providing Personalized Recommendations to Stimulate Creativity with ReaderBench. In: Chang M. et al. (eds) Challenges and Solutions in Smart Learning. Lecture Notes in Educational Technology. Springer, Singapore.

Stöckli, A. & Müller, R.(2011) Fritz Zwicky – An Extraordinary Astrophysicist. Cambridge Scientific Publishers.

Tasama, A., Hurtado, J., Aristizábal, J. & Ocampo, F. (2020) A Curriculum Design Approach by the Means of a General Morphological Analysis, Revista Ingenieri?as Universidad de Medelli?n, 19(37), pp. 59-74.

Thilagavathy S & Geetha S. (2020) A morphological analyses of the literature on employee work-life balance. Current Psychology, pp. 1-26.

Tsui-Lien Shen & Jiin-Chyuan Lai (2018) The Application of Morphological Analysis on the Experimental Teaching Assessment of Creative Problem Solving, International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 8(9), pp. 649-652.

Vijaya Sunder M., Marathe, R. & Ganesh, L. (2018), "A morphological analysis of research literature on Lean Six Sigma for services", International Journal of Operations & Production Management, (January 2018).

Voros, J. (2018) "On a morphology of contact scenario space", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.)(2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 126, Elsevier.

Wild, P. (1989). Fritz Zwicky. in P. Flin, & H. Duerbeck (Red.), Morphological Cosmology (Vol. 332: Lecture Notes in Physics). Berlin: Springer Verlag.

Winter, D., Hausmann, C., Schön, E. &Thomaschewski, J.(2020) "Morphological analysis of the 'context of use' Application of morphological analysis to the collaborative understanding of the context of use," 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), Sevilla, Spain, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.23919/CISTI49556.2020.9141034.

Zwicky, F.: "Morphological Astronomy", The Observatory. Vol. 68, No. 845, Aug. 1948, S. 121-143. [Download in PDF] Thanks to The Obseravtory.

Zwicky, F.: "Morphology of Justice in the Space Age and the Boundaries of Outer Space", Astronautica Acta, Vol. 14, 1969, S. 615-626.

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Morphological Analysis Reference List (by Subject Area)