This reference list concerns books and articles in English on General Morphology, its methodology and applications. It is not, of course, complete. It will be updated periodically and we welcome any relevant additions. Contact us at:
Ayres, Robert U. "Morphological Analysis." Technological Forecasting and Long Range Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1969, Chap. 5, pp. 72-93.
Bailey, K.: Typologies and Taxonomies - An Introduction to Classification Techniques, Sage University Papers: Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (1994).
Bridgewater, A. V.: "Morphological Methods - Principles and Practice." Technological Forecasting. R. V. Arnfield, ed. Conference on Technological Forecasting, University of Strathclyde, 1968. Edinburgh: University Press, 1969, pp. 241-252.
Coyle, R.G.: Practical Strategy: A Structured Approach and Techniques, Pearson Education, London, 2004.
Coyle, R. G., Crawshay, R. and Sutton, L.: Futures Assessments by Field Anomaly Relaxation, Futures 26(1), 25-43 (1994).
Coyle, R. G., McGlone, G. R.: Projection Scenarios for South-east Asia and the South-west Pacific, Futures 27(1), 65-79 (1995).
Coyle, R.G. and Yong, Y. C.: A Scenario Projection for the South China Sea. Futures 28 (3), 269-283 (1996).
de Waal, A. & Ritchey, T.: Combining morphological analysis and Bayesian networks for strategic decision support, ORiON, Volume 23 (2), pp. 105–121 (2007). [Download PDF]
Doty, D. H. & Glick, W.: "Typologies as a Unique Form of Theory Building", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 19, No.2 (1994) (Argues -- successfully -- that Typology Analysis is not simply a categorization method, but is a theory building and hypothesis generation method)
Eriksson, T. & Ritchey, T.: Scenario Development Using Computerized Morphological Analysis, Presented at the Winchester International OR Conference, England, 2002. [Download PDF]
Gerardin, L: "Morphological Analysis: A Method for Creativity." A Guide to Practical Technological Forecasting. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
Gregory, S. A.: "Morphological Methods: Antecedents and Associates." Technological Forecasting, Some Techniques. Symposium at Aston University, Birmingham, September 9 and 10, 1969.
Isakson, S. & Ritchey, T.: "Protection against Sabotage of Nuclear Facilities: Using Morphological Analysis in Revising the Design Basis Threat". Adapted from a Study for the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate, and presented to the 44th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management - Phoenix, Arizona, July 2003 [Download PDF]
Müller-Merbach, H.: The Use of Morphological Techniques for OR-Approaches to Problems. In: Operations Research 75. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford. North-Holland Publishing Company, pp. 127-139 (1976).
Norris, K. W.: "The Morphological Approach to Engineering Design." Conference on Design
Methods. J. C. Jones and D. G. Thornley, eds. Elmsford, N.Y.: Pergamon Press, Inc., 1963,
pp. 115-140.
Rhyne, R.: Whole-Pattern Futures Projection, Using Field Anomaly Relaxation, Technological Forecasting and Social Change 19, 331-360 (1981).
Rhyne, R.: Field Anomaly Relaxation - The Arts of Usage, Futures 27 (6), 657-674 (1995a).
Rhyne, R.: Evaluating Alternative Indonesian Sea-Sovereignty Systems, Informs: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (1995b).
Ritchey, T.: Analysis and Synthesis - On Scientific Method based on a Study by Bernhard Riemann. Systems Research 8(4), 21-41 (1991). Download reprint:
[Download PDF]
Ritchey, T.: "Scenario Development and Risk Management using Morphological Field Analysis". Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Information Systems (Cork: Cork Publishing Company) Vol. 3:1053-1059 (1997).
Ritchey, T.: "Fritz Zwicky, 'Morphologie' and Policy Analysis", Paper presented at the 16th Euro Conference on Operational Analysis, Brussels, July 1998.
Ritchey, T., "Morphological Analysis - A general method for non-quantified modeling". Adapted from a paper presented at the 16th Euro Conference on Operational Analysis, Brussels, July 1998. [Download PDF]
Ritchey, T.: "Modeling Complex Socio-Technical Systems using Morphological Analysis", Adapted from an address to the Swedish Parliamentary IT Commission, Stockholm, December 2002. [Download PDF]
Ritchey, T.:"Nuclear Facilities and Sabotage: Using Morphological Analysis as a Scenario and Strategy Development Laboratory", Adapted from a Study for the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate, and presented to the 44th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management - Phoenix, Arizona, July 2003. [Download PDF]
Ritchey, T.: "Strategic Decision Support using Computerised Morphological Analysis", Presented at the 9th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Copenhagen, September 14-16, 2004.[Download PDF]
Ritchey, T.: "Wicked Problems. Structuring Social Messes with Morphological Analysis". Adapted from a lecture given at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, 2004. [Download PDF]
Ritchey, T.: "Futures Studies using Morphological Analysis". Adapted from an Article for the UN University Millennium Project: Futures Research Methodology Series, 2005. [Download PDF]
Ritchey, T.: "Problem Structuring using Computer-Aided Morphological Analysis". Journal of the Operational Research Society (2006) 57, 792-801. Available as a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version: [Download PDF]. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jors/journal/v57/n7/abs/2602177a.html
Ritchey, T.: "Modeling Multi-Hazard Disaster Reduction Strategies with Computer-Aided Morphological Analysis". Reprint from the Proceedings of the 3rd International ISCRAM Conference, Newark, NJ (USA), May 2006. [Download PDF]
Ritchey, T.: "Threat Analysis for the Transport of Radioactive Material using Morphological Analysis". Adapted from a paper presented at the 15th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials, PATRAM 2007, Miami, Florida. [Download PDF]
Ritchey, T.: Stenström, M. & Eriksson, H.: Using Morphological Analysis to Evaluate Preparedness for Accidents Involving Hazardous Materials. Study for the Swedish Rescue Services Board, presented at the 4th International Conference for Local Authorities, Shanghai, November, 2002. [Download PDF]
Ritchey, T.: Lövkvist-Andersen, A., Olsson, R. & Stenström, M.: Modelling Society's Capacity to Manage Extraordinary Events. Developing a Generic Design Basis (GDB) Model for Extraordinary Societal Events using Computer-Aided Morphological Analysis. Adapted from a paper presented at the SRA (Society for Risk Analysis) Conference in Paris 15-17 November, 2004. [Download PDF]
Stenström, M. & Ritchey, T.: Scenario and Strategy Laboratories for an Extended Producer Responsibility System. Adaption of a report to the Swedish Ministry of the Environment, April 2004. [Download PDF]
Stenström, M., Westrin, P. & Ritchey, T.: Living with UXO -- Using Morphological Analysis for Decision Support in Phasing out Military Firing Ranges. Summary of Report to the Swedish Armed Forces UXO Program, Stockholm, March 2004. [Download PDF]
Watts, R. D.: "Some Theoretical Principles in Morphological Analysis." Technological Forecasting, Some Techniques. Symposium at Aston University, Birmingham, September 9 and 10, 1969.
Wild, P.: "Fritz Zwicky", in Morphological Cosmology, Lecture Notes in Physics, Volume 332, p. 391-398
Zwicky, F.: "Morphology and Nomenclature of Jet Engines", Aeronautical Engineering Review. Vol. 6, No 6., June 1947, s. 49-50.
Zwicky, F.: "The Morphological Method of Analysis and Construction", Courant. Anniversary Volume. New York: Intersciences Publish., 1948, pp. 461-470.
Zwicky, F.: "Morphology of aerial propulsion", Helvetica Physica Acta. Vol. XXI, Heft 5, 1948, S. 299-340.
Zwicky, F.: "Morphological Astronomy", The Observatory. Vol. 68, No. 845, Aug. 1948, S. 121-143. [Download in PDF] Thanks to The Obseravtory.
Zwicky, F.: Morphology of Scientific Research and Engineering Invention, 28.3.1951 New York, Pestalozzi Foundation of America and Alumni of the Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich.
Zwicky, F.: "Morphology of Justice in the Space Age and the Boundaries of Outer Space", Astronautica Acta, Vol. 14, 1969, S. 615-626.
Zwicky, F.: Discovery, Invention, Research - Through the Morphological Approach, Toronto: The Macmillian Company (1969).
Zwicky, F. & Wilson A. (eds.): New Methods of Thought and Procedure: Contributions to the Symposium on Methodologies. Berlin: Springer (1967). [Download Zwicky's contribution, PDF] Thanks to the Swiss Fritz Zwicky Foundation.